A token is a substitute for a real value, such as a currency or a cryptomoney. We can compare it to the chips of a casino or the chips of an amusement fair, each token or chip has a value associated with it, which can be exchanged for liquidity or for a trip in an attraction.
For example, in a token exchange transaction, a buyer wants to acquire tokens with value A in exchange for tokens with value B. This transaction involves the seller of type B tokens receiving a certain number of type A tokens in exchange for the type B tokens. The transaction will involve a minimum conversion rate for both parties. When deciding on such a rate, the buyer can consult the exchange rate when deciding to make the transaction.
At the time of the operation, through an intelligent contract, the network consults all the reservation requests and looks for the best conversion rate. When it finds a suitable rate that meets the minimum requirements of the buyer, it proceeds to carry out the transaction.
Most tokens are distributed through an ICO, which in Spanish is known as oferta inicial de la moneda. This is a mechanism to obtain funds for the financing of projects where new projects sell their tokens in exchange for cryptocurrency.
There are few, if any, restrictions on who can participate in an ICO and, given that money is acquired from a large number of investors, the sums obtained in ICOs can be astronomical. One of the fundamental drawbacks with ICOs is that many of them receive money before the product actually exists, which makes the investment high risk. In contrast, this method allows and encourages the creation of products and the development of new ideas.